Tongariro – stratovolcano, New Zealand

Eruption history

VEI – Volcanic Explosivity Index: 0 = lava outpouring, 4 = like Eyjafjallajökull 2010, 6 = like Pinatubo 1991, 7 = like Tambora 1815. The scale is logarithmic – each step is about 10 times more material.

Start	End	VEI	Vent and dating
21 November 2012	21 November 2012	2	Upper Te Maari Craters · Observations: Reported
6 August 2012	7 August 2012	2	Upper Te Maari Craters · Observations: Reported
4 July 1977	4 July 1977	1	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
23 August 1976	28 August 1976	1	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
12 February 1975	23 February 1975	3	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
22 November 1972	19 August 1974	3	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
19 March 1972	6 June 1972	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
21 January 1969	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
18 August 1968	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
24 May 1962	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
1 June 1959	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
5 November 1958	18 November 1958	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
11 January 1956	11 February 1956	2	Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
13 May 1954	25 June 1955	3	Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
28 December 1953	—	0	Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
29 November 1952	16 July 1953	2	Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
16 May 1951	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 June 1950	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
9 February 1949	3 March 1949	2	Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
16 September 1948	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
30 April 1948	16 May 1948	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 September 1940	16 October 1940	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 August 1939	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 January 1937	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 December 1934	16 February 1935	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 June 1934	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 February 1931	16 May 1931	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 July 1928	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
3 March 1928	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
21 December 1926	30 December 1926	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 April 1926	16 June 1926	2	Ngauruhoe and Red Crater · Observations: Reported
16 November 1925	16 December 1925	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 October 1924	16 November 1924	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
22 May 1924	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
9 January 1924	30 January 1924	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 October 1917	16 November 1917	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 September 1914	16 October 1914	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 May 1913	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 January 1913	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 October 1910	16 January 1911	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 January 1910	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 March 1909	16 July 1909	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 November 1907	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 February 1907	16 May 1907	2	Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
16 March 1906	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
2 July 1905	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
22 November 1904	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 January 1898	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
2 July 1897	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 November 1896	26 December 1896	2	NE flank (upper Te Mari Crater) · Observations: Reported
30 November 1892	—	2	NE flank (upper Te Mari Crater) · Observations: Reported
16 November 1892	16 December 1892	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 February 1892	16 March 1892	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 June 1886	—	2	NE flank (upper Te Mari Crater) · Observations: Reported
2 July 1885 ± 1 year	2 July 1887	1	SSE flank (Red Crater) · Observations: Reported
25 April 1883	—	2	Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
6 July 1881	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
1 September 1878	—	2	Ngauruhoe (NW sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
16 April 1870	16 August 1870	2	Ngauruhoe (NW sub-crater) · Observations: Reported
16 August 1869	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
2 July 1869	—	2	NE flank (Upper Te Mari Crater) · Observations: Reported
16 December 1864	16 January 1865	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
2 July 1863	16 April 1864	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 January 1862	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
21 April 1859	—	1	SSE flank (Red Crater) · Observations: Reported
16 February 1857	16 March 1857	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
2 July 1855	—	2	SSE flank (Red Crater) · Observations: Reported
16 October 1844	16 January 1845	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
2 July 1841	—	2	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
16 February 1839	16 March 1839	1	Ngauruhoe · Observations: Reported
1500 ± 50 years	—	?	Upper Te Mari Craters · Correlation: Tephrochronology
550 BCE ± 200 years	—	5	Ngauruhoe and Red Crater · Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
c. 9,350 BCE	—	5	Tama Lakes to Te Mari · Correlation: Tephrochronology
c. 9,450 BCE	—	5	Saddle cone area to Half Cone · Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
c. 9,650 BCE	—	5	Saddle Cone to Half Cone · Correlation: Tephrochronology
c. 9,850 BCE	—	?	Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

Data: Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution (#241080)