Catalogue

All countries with Holocene volcanoes and strong earthquakes, and the types of volcanoes – with counts of volcanoes, eruptions and earthquakes.

Volcano types

• Stratovolcanoes Steep, conical mountains built from alternating layers of lava and ash – the most common and most dangerous type of volcano. 660 volcanoes
• Shield volcanoes Broad, gently sloping volcanoes built from fluid basalt lava, shaped like a warrior's shield laid on the ground. 113 volcanoes
• Calderas Huge depressions formed when the roof of an emptied magma chamber collapsed after a large eruption. 85 volcanoes
• Volcanic fields Areas with dozens or hundreds of small cones, maars and lava flows, most of which erupted only once. 138 volcanoes
• Complex volcanoes Clusters of several merged eruptive centres – cones, domes and craters – forming a single massif. 66 volcanoes
• Fissure vents Long cracks in the crust where lava pours out along a curtain of fountains rather than from a single crater. 57 volcanoes
• Pyroclastic cones Small cones of cinders and lava fragments, usually piled up during a single eruption. 46 volcanoes
• Lava domes Mounds of very viscous lava that piles up over the vent instead of flowing away – and can collapse violently. 31 volcanoes
• Maars and tuff cones Flat craters and low rings of tuff, blasted out when magma meets water. 17 volcanoes

Countries