Calderas · erupting

Tofua

Tofua (Tonga) is a caldera. It rises to 515 m above sea level. The GVP records 11 confirmed eruptions in the Holocene, the latest in 2026. An eruption is continuing.

Elevation
515 m
Last eruption
2026
Confirmed eruptions
11
Max VEI
2
Country
Tonga
Location
19.75° S, 175.07° W
Region (GVP)
Tofua Volcanic Arc
GVP type
Caldera
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Main rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Show on the timeline GVP entry ↗

Other volcanoes and strong earthquakes within 300 km

Eruption history

VEI – Volcanic Explosivity Index: 0 = lava outpouring, 4 = like Eyjafjallajökull 2010, 6 = like Pinatubo 1991, 7 = like Tambora 1815. The scale is logarithmic – each step is about 10 times more material.

StartEndVEIVent and dating
2 October 2015 continuing 0 Lofia crater · Observations: Reported
19 March 2004 18 October 2014 1 Lofia crater · Observations: Reported
31 December 1958 2 July 1960 2 Northern part of caldera · Observations: Reported
16 December 1906 — 2 Northern part of caldera · Observations: Reported
16 January 1906 16 February 1906 2 Northern part of caldera · Observations: Reported
16 October 1885 — 2 Observations: Reported
2 July 1854 — 2 Observations: Reported
10 July 1847 — 1 Observations: Reported
1 July 1845 — 0 Observations: Reported
1792 — 0 Observations: Reported
June 1774 — 2 Observations: Reported

Data: Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution (#243060)